What is Vertigo?
Vertigo is a feeling that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving. Often, people describe it as dizziness, but vertigo is more than just feeling lightheaded. Instead, it gives a strong sense of motion, even when you are still. Because vertigo can affect balance, it may make walking or standing hard. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), vertigo is a common reason people visit doctors. Many people experience vertigo at some point in their lives.
Common Symptoms of Vertigo
Vertigo symptoms can vary from person to person. However, most people notice a spinning or tilting feeling. In addition, you may have:Nausea or vomitingLoss of balance or trouble walkingFeeling lightheaded or faintRinging in the ears (tinnitus)Unusual eye movementsHeadache or sweating
Sometimes, symptoms last only a few seconds. Other times, they may last for hours or even days. Because vertigo can be mild or severe, it is important to notice how often it happens and how long it lasts.
Causes and Risk Factors
Vertigo has many possible causes. Most often, it is linked to problems in the inner ear. The inner ear helps control balance. Common causes include:Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): This happens when tiny crystals in the ear move out of place.Meniere’s disease: This condition causes fluid buildup in the inner ear.Vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis: These are infections that affect the inner ear.Head injury: Trauma can damage the balance organs.Migraines: Some people get vertigo with migraine headaches.
Additionally, certain risk factors make vertigo more likely. For example, older adults, people with a family history of ear problems, or those who have had ear infections are at higher risk. Some medicines can also cause vertigo as a side effect.
How Vertigo is Diagnosed
Doctors use several steps to diagnose vertigo. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may do a physical exam to check your balance and eye movements. Sometimes, doctors use special tests, such as:Hearing testsBalance testsImaging scans, like MRI or CT scansBlood tests to rule out other causes
Because vertigo can have many causes, seeing an ENT specialist for vertigo is often helpful. They can find the exact reason and suggest the best treatment.
Treatment Options for Vertigo
Treatment for vertigo depends on the cause. In many cases, vertigo goes away on its own. However, some people need treatment to feel better. Common options include:Medications to reduce nausea or dizzinessPhysical therapy, such as balance exercisesCanalith repositioning maneuvers for BPPVAntibiotics if an infection is presentSurgery, but only in rare cases
For example, if vertigo is due to BPPV, simple head movements can help. If it is from an infection, treating the infection may stop the symptoms. Always follow your doctor’s advice for the best results.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
While you cannot prevent all cases of vertigo, some steps may lower your risk. For instance, you can:Get up slowly from bed or chairsAvoid sudden head movementsStay hydrated and eat a balanced dietManage stress and get enough sleepProtect your ears from loud noises and injuries
Additionally, regular check-ups with your doctor can help catch problems early. If you have a history of vertigo, ask your doctor about ways to prevent future episodes.
When to See a Doctor
Sometimes, vertigo can be a sign of a serious problem. You should see a doctor if you:Have sudden, severe vertigoNotice hearing loss or ringing in your earsExperience double vision or trouble speakingFeel weak or numb in your arms or legsCannot walk or keep your balance
Early treatment can prevent complications. Therefore, do not ignore these warning signs. If you have concerns, consult an ENT specialist for personalized advice on vertigo.