Skin Prick Allergen Testing & Immunotherapy

Skin Prick Allergen Testing & Immunotherapy: A Complete Guide

Skin prick allergen testing is a widely used, reliable method to identify specific allergens responsible for triggering allergic symptoms in individuals. It is a safe and minimally invasive test that helps pinpoint substances—such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold, or certain foods—that cause reactions like sneezing, runny nose, itching, skin rashes, or asthma. During the procedure, small drops of suspected allergens are placed on the skin (usually the forearm or back), and the skin is gently pricked to allow the allergen to enter the surface. Within 15 to 20 minutes, a small raised bump or redness may appear at the site if an allergy is present.

This test is suitable for both adults and children and is considered highly accurate when performed under the supervision of trained professionals. It helps in confirming allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergies, insect sting allergies, and even certain drug allergies. The results are immediate and can be visually interpreted, making it easier for both the clinician and the patient to understand the triggers.

Once the allergens are identified, immunotherapy may be recommended, especially if avoidance and medications are not sufficient for symptom control. Immunotherapy involves exposing the body to gradually increasing doses of the allergen through subcutaneous injections or sublingual drops/tablets. Over time, this helps desensitize the immune system, reducing the severity of allergic reactions and sometimes eliminating the allergy altogether. This long-term treatment can significantly improve quality of life, reduce dependence on medications, and provide lasting relief from chronic allergies.